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Herb monographs for health professionals Echinacea (E. purpurea, E. pallida, E. angustifolia)
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References
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1. Lust John (1974): The Herb Book. New York, Bantam Books 2. Jellin J.M., Gregory P.J., Batz F. and Hitchens K. (2004): Pharmacist's Letter/ Prescriber's Letter Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database. Stockton, CA, Therapeutic Research Faculty. Accessed: 1/12/2004, http://www.naturaldatabase.com/ 3. Blumenthal Mark (2000): Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs. Newton, MA, Integrative Medicine Communications, pp xiii, 519. 4. WHO (1999): Herba Echinaceae Purpureae: WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1, pp 136-144. 5. Blumenthal Mark, Hall Tara, Goldberg Alicia, Kunz Tanja and Dinda Kara (eds.) (2003): The ABC Clinical Guide to Herbs. Austin, Texas, American Botanical Council 6. Low Dog T. (2000): Foundations of Herbal Medicine. Albuquerque 7. Percival S. S. (2000): Use of echinacea in medicine. Biochem Pharmacol. 60(2): 155-8. 8. Wang Xiping, Scalzo Richard, Chen Yin, Qu Luping, Wang Meihua, Yang Jinhua, Richard Lisa and Hood Eatherley (2004): Echinacea Research Progress Report Black Mountain, NC, Gaia Herbal Research Institute: Medicines from the Earth: The Twelfth Annual Symposium on Botanical Medicine 9. Hoffman David (2003): Medical Herbalism. Rochester, Vermont, Healing Arts Press 10. Bone K (1997): Echinacea: what makes it work? Alternative Medicine Review. 2(2): 87-93. 11. Sloley B. D., Urichuk L. J., Tywin C., Coutts R. T., Pang P. K. and Shan J. J. (2001): Comparison of chemical components and antioxidants capacity of different Echinacea species. J Pharm Pharmacol. 53(6): 849-57. 12. Sun L. Z., Currier N. L. and Miller S. C. (1999): The American coneflower: a prophylactic role involving nonspecific immunity. J Altern Complement Med. 5(5): 437-46. 13. Gruenwald Joerg, Brendler Thomas, Jaenicke Christof and Mehtoa Mukesh (eds.) (1998): PDR for Herbal Medicines. Montvale, NJ, Medical Economics Company, Inc. 14. Foster Steven and Tyler Varro E. (1999): Tyler's Honest Herbal: A sensible guide to the use of herbs and related remedies. Binghamton, NY, The Haworth Herbal Press 15. Burger R. A., Torres A. R., Warren R. P., Caldwell V. D. and Hughes B. G. (1997): Echinacea-induced cytokine production by human macrophages. Int J Immunopharmacol. 19(7): 371-9. 16. Stimpel M., Proksch A., Wagner H. and Lohmann-Matthes M. L. (1984): Macrophage activation and induction of macrophage cytotoxicity by purified polysaccharide fractions from the plant Echinacea purpurea. Infect Immun. 46(3): 845-9. 17. Barrett B. (2003): Medicinal properties of Echinacea: a critical review. Phytomedicine. 10(1): 66-86. 18. Goel V., Lovlin R., Barton R., Lyon M. R., Bauer R., Lee T. D. and Basu T. K. (2004): Efficacy of a standardized echinacea preparation (Echinilin) for the treatment of the common cold: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Pharm Ther. 29(1): 75-83. 19. Mills S. and Bone K. (2000): Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy. Philadelphia, Churchill Livingstone 20. Wustenberg P., Henneicke-von Zepelin H. H., Kohler G. and Stammwitz U. (1999): Efficacy and mode of action of an immunomodulator herbal preparation containing Echinacea, wild indigo, and white cedar. Adv Ther. 16(1): 51-70. 21. CSWG (1998): Summary of data for chemical selection: echinacea, Research Triangle Park, NC: National Toxicology Program. 22. Mengs U., Clare C. B. and Poiley J. A. (1991): Toxicity of Echinacea purpurea. Acute, subacute and genotoxicity studies. Arzneimittelforschung. 41(10): 1076-81 [in CSWG report]. 23. Duke James A. (1985): Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. Boca Raton, CRC Press 24. Hutchens Alma R. (1991): Indian Herbology of North America. Boston, Shambhala Publications, Inc. 25. Flannery M. A. (1999): From rudbeckia to echinacea: the emergence of the purple cone flower in modern therapeutics. Pharm Hist. 41(2): 52-9. 26. Schulz Volker Prof Dr med, Hþnsel Rudolf and Tyler Varro E. (2001): Rational Phytotherapy: A Physician's Guide to Herbal Medicine. Berlin ; New York, Springer, pp cm. 27. Tierra Michael (1998): The Way of Herbs. New York, Pocket Books 28. (2000): Echinacea, in DerMarderosian A andBeutler JA: The Review of Natural Products. St. Louis, Missouri, Facts and Comparisons 29. Blumenthal Mark and Busse Werner R. (1998): The complete German Commission E monographs, Therapeutic guide to herbal medicines. Austin, Texas American Botanical Council, Boston, pp xxii, 685 p. ; p., 27 cm. 30. Barnes Patricia M., Powell-Griner Eve, McFann Kim and Nahin Richard L. (2004): Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use among Adults : United States, 2002, Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. 19 pages 31. Melchart D., Linde K., Fischer P. and Kaesmyr J. (2004): Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold (Cochrane Review): The Cochrane Library. Chichester, U.K., John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 32. Stewart Rick (2002): Cold and Flu Fighters Echinacea and Larch Tree Extract., Canadian Health Reform Products Ltd.: Alive: Canadian Journal of Health & Nutrition, pp 106. 33. Anonymous (1997): Cold, flu sufferers embrace herbals. Chain Drug Review. 19(17). 34. Barrett B., Vohmann M. and Calabrese C. (1999): Echinacea for upper respiratory infection. J Fam Pract. 48(8): 628-35. 35. Mark John D., Grant Kathryn L. and Barton Leslie L. (2001): The Use of Dietary Supplements in Pediatrics: A Study of Echinacea. Clinical Pediatrics. 40(5): 265-269. 36. Giles J. T., Palat C. T., 3rd, Chien S. H., Chang Z. G. and Kennedy D. T. (2000): Evaluation of echinacea for treatment of the common cold. Pharmacotherapy. 20(6): 690-7. 37. Datta G. K., Sairam K., Priyambada S., Debnath P. K. and Goel R. K. (2002): Antiulcerogenic activity of Satavari mandur--an Ayurvedic herbo-mineral preparation. Indian J Exp Biol. 40(10): 1173-7. 38. Low Dog T. (2002): Echinacea Albequerque, in Faurot K: Update on Herbal Medicine 39. Barrett B. P., Brown R. L., Locken K., Maberry R., Bobula J. A. and D'Alessio D. (2002): Treatment of the common cold with unrefined echinacea. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 137(12): 939-46. 40. Russo Ethan B., Abrahams Seth G., Applequist Wendy L., Shober Steve, Mittman Paul, Wollner Debra, Kim Linda, Millea Paul J., Barrett Bruce, Gallus Silvano et al. (2003): Letters. Annals of Internal Medicine. 139(7): 599-606. 41. Taylor J. A., Weber W., Standish L., Quinn H., Goesling J., McGann M. and Calabrese C. (2003): Efficacy and safety of echinacea in treating upper respiratory tract infections in children: a randomized controlled trial. Jama. 290(21): 2824-30. 42. Lindenmuth G. F. and Lindenmuth E. B. (2000): The efficacy of echinacea compound herbal tea preparation on the severity and duration of upper respiratory and flu symptoms: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Altern Complement Med. 6(4): 327-34. 43. Henneicke-von Zepelin H., Hentschel C., Schnitker J., Kohnen R., Kohler G. and Wustenberg P. (1999): Efficacy and safety of a fixed combination phytomedicine in the treatment of the common cold (acute viral respiratory tract infection): results of a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, multicentre study. Curr Med Res Opin. 15(3): 214-27. 44. NCCAM (2004): Echinacea Versus Placebo Effect in Common Cold, ClinicalTrials.gov. Accessed: 5/17, http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00065715?order=1 45. Cohen H. A., Varsano I., Kahan E., Sarrell E. M. and Uziel Y. (2004): Effectiveness of an herbal preparation containing echinacea, propolis, and vitamin C in preventing respiratory tract infections in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 158(3): 217-21. 46. Melchart D., Walther E., Linde K., Brandmaier R. and Lersch C. (1998): Echinacea root extracts for the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. Arch Fam Med. 7(6): 541-5. 47. Grimm W. and Muller H. H. (1999): A randomized controlled trial of the effect of fluid extract of Echinacea purpurea on the incidence and severity of colds and respiratory infections. Am J Med. 106(2): 138-43. 48. Potii V. V. (2000): [Applications of immunomodulators in complex of treatment of the soft tissue purulent wounds]. Klin Khir(10): 15-6. 49. Speroni E., Govoni P., Guizzardi S., Renzulli C. and Guerra M. C. (2002): Anti-inflammatory and cicatrizing activity of Echinacea pallida Nutt. root extract. J Ethnopharmacol. 79(2): 265-72. 50. Schwarz E., Metzler J., Diedrich J. P., Freudenstein J., Bode C. and Bode J. C. (2002): Oral administration of freshly expressed juice of Echinacea purpurea herbs fail to stimulate the nonspecific immune response in healthy young men: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. J Immunother. 25(5): 413-20. 51. Vonau B., Chard S., Mandalia S., Wilkinson D. and Barton S. E. (2001): Does the extract of the plant Echinacea purpurea influence the clinical course of recurrent genital herpes? Int J STD AIDS. 12(3): 154-8. 52. Bone K (1997): Echinacea: when should it be used?... second in a two-part series. Alternative Medicine Review. 2(6): 451-458. 53. Brinker F. (1998): Herb contraindications and drug interactions. Sandy, Oregon, Eclectic Medical Publications 54. Duke James A., Bogenschutz-Godwin Mary Jo, duCellier Judi and Duke Peggy-Ann K. (2002): Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. Boca Raton, CRC Press, pp 870. 55. Mullins R. J. (1998): Echinacea-associated anaphylaxis. Med J Aust. 168(4): 170-1. 56. Mullins R. J. and Heddle R. (2002): Adverse reactions associated with echinacea: the Australian experience. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 88(1): 42-51. 57. Gallo M., Sarkar M., Au W., Pietrzak K., Comas B., Smith M., Jaeger T. V., Einarson A. and Koren G. (2000): Pregnancy outcome following gestational exposure to echinacea: a prospective controlled study. Arch Intern Med. 160(20): 3141-3. 58. Foster S. and Duke J. (2000): A Field guide to Medicinal Plants and Herbs of Eastern and Central North America. New York, Houghton Mifflin 59. Sturdivant Lee and Blakeley Tim (1999): The Bootstrap Guide to Medicinal Herbs in the Garden, Field, & Marketplace. Friday Harbor, WA, San Juan Naturals
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